Physical and chemical properties of diamonds

1. Chemical composition: Among all gemstones, the composition of diamonds is the simplest. Its chemical composition is mainly C (carbon), which is a crystal composed of carbon atoms arranged in a regular manner. The crystal structure of diamonds has cubic heart cells. In addition to carbon elements, diamonds also contain a small amount of trace elements such as Si Ca Mg Mn Ti Ca S, as well as inert gases and rare earth elements, reaching more than 50 kinds, sometimes with an impurity content of 4.8%. These trace elements determine the physical properties of diamonds such as type, color, etc. Simply put, diamond is a mineral that is naturally produced and composed of carbon atoms with a cubic center crystal structure.

2. Toughness and hardness: The toughness refers to the ability of a material to resist cracking. Diamond has high toughness, but its edges are relatively brittle, so you should avoid direct collision with hard objects when wearing. The so-called hardness refers to the ability of a material to resist external mechanical scribing. The Mohs hardness of diamond is 10, which is the hardest natural substance discovered by mankind so far. In fact, the hardness of diamond is 140 times that of red and sapphire, and 1,000 times that of crystal, measured by the absolute hardness of Rosival. Compared with other gemstones, diamonds are set on jewelry and are more resistant to wear and scratches by all substances. Therefore, once diamonds are owned, they can be passed down from generation to generation, because diamond jewelry never wears out and is often worn new.

3. Specific gravity: The specific gravity of diamonds is 3.52 grams/cubic centimeter (that is, 3.52 times the specific gravity of water).

4. Thermal conductivity: Diamond is one of the substances with the strongest heat transfer ability among known substances (diamond is 146.5 watts/m. C.0) is five times that of copper. This property makes diamonds widely used in industry, especially the aerospace industry and the microelectronics industry.

5. Thermal expansion rate: The thermal expansion rate of diamond is very low, and there will be no obvious thermal expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. Because the thermal expansion rate of diamonds is extremely small, diamonds will not crack like some gems due to the large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.

6. Refractive index: The refractive index of diamond is 2.417, which is the highest among all natural colorless gemstones, so that light can converge toward the center after entering the diamond.

7. Dispersion rate: The dispersion of diamond is 0.044. It is also the highest of all natural colorless gemstones. Diamonds thus disperse white light into a spectral rainbow of colors.

8. Gloss: Gloss is related to the refractive index and surface properties, and is the characteristic displayed when the surface of an object reflects light. Diamonds have a typical diamond luster, which makes them extremely dazzling when cut.

9. Affinity: Diamonds have strong lipophilicity. Due to the strong lipophilicity of diamonds, the surface of diamonds is easy to get oily, and salespersons should avoid touching the stones directly with their hands; customers are best not to wear diamond jewelry in the kitchen or wash dishes.

Reaction to chemicals: Diamond has high chemical stability, acid, alkali and general chemicals can not have any corrosive effect on diamond.